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Court Rules

Sealing & Redaction Procedures

4352 rules across 306 courts

Sealing procedures govern how attorneys file documents containing confidential, privileged, or sensitive information. The process typically involves filing a redacted version on ECF (the public record) and delivering an unredacted version directly to chambers or the clerk. Judges differ on whether a formal motion to seal is required, what categories of information justify sealing, and the required redaction format. Some judges require black-box redactions; others accept highlighted redactions. Getting the process wrong can result in confidential information appearing on the public docket, or in a filing being rejected entirely. These rules are particularly important in cases involving trade secrets, personal information, or ongoing investigations.

Southern District of New York(734)

Judge Valerie CaproniCRITICAL

Approved non-electronic sealed filings must be submitted to Sealed Records Department with order, unredacted copies, and PDF CD

Judge Jed RakoffCRITICAL

Parties are expected to provide the Court with notice at least three business days before the relevant filing deadline if they wish to file documents under seal.

Judge Lewis J LimanCRITICAL

Letter-motion must indicate confidential information from another party and may request 1-week delay.

Judge Andrew L Carter JrCRITICAL

The proposed sealed document must be filed under seal at the same time as the motion and linked to that motion in ECF.

Judge Barbara MosesCRITICAL

Meet and confer required before filing sealed/redacted materials

Judge Nelson S RomanCRITICAL

Applications required for redactions beyond ECF Privacy Policy categories.

Judge John G KoeltlCRITICAL

Redaction requires filing redacted version publicly and unredacted version under seal with highlights.

Judge Stewart D AaronCRITICAL

A Party may be requested to produce Discovery Material that is subject to contractual or other obligations of confidentiality owed to a third party. Within two business days of receiving the request, the receiving Party subject to such obligation shall inform the third party of the request and that the third party may seek a protective order or other relief from this Court. If neither the third party nor the receiving Party seeks a protective order or other relief from this Court within 21 days of that notice, the receiving Party shall produce the information responsive to the discovery request but may affix the appropriate controlling designation.

Judge Edgardo RamosCRITICAL

Sealed letters must follow the Electronic Filing Under Seal procedure in Section 3.

Judge Vernon S BroderickCRITICAL

Sealed or confidential letters may be emailed as PDF with all counsel copied.

Judge Jed RakoffCRITICAL

Protective order proposals must conform to Court's Model Protective Order

Judge Jeannette A VargasCRITICAL

Redactions must be narrowly tailored and consistent with public access presumption.

Showing 12 of 734. View all sealing rules for Southern District of New York

Central District of California(570)

Judge Douglas F MccormickCRITICAL

Sealed documents must be linked to an existing order granting leave to file under seal.

Judge John A KronstadtCRITICAL

Transcripts with designated material must have legend and page list with protection levels.

Judge Cynthia ValenzuelaCRITICAL

Sentencing documents may only be filed under seal if strictly necessary and justified, and a redacted version with justifications for each deletion must be filed concurrently.

Judge Andre BirotteCRITICAL

Parties must comply with Local Rule 79-5 and meet and confer before filing an application to seal.

Judge Steve KimCRITICAL

When using Under Seal Filing Events, the docket screen must turn red; if not, restart the entry to ensure proper sealed event use.

Chief Judge Dolly M. GeeCRITICAL

Sealed documents must be served by printing NEF and serving both NEF and sealed document on opposing counsel.

Judge Hern N D VeraCRITICAL

Sealing applications must follow Local Rule 79-5 and Judge Staton's electronic filing guide.

Judge Mark C ScarsiCRITICAL

Under seal filings must comply with Local Criminal Rule 49-1 and justify confidentiality over public access.

Judge Cynthia ValenzuelaCRITICAL

Applications with meritless sealing/redaction requests will be denied.

Chief Judge Dolly M. GeeCRITICAL

Sealed documents must be served by other means; print and serve NEF with sealed document.

Judge John A KronstadtCRITICAL

Designation is allowed only if necessary to protect material from competitive or recognized harm.

Judge Sunshine S SykesCRITICAL

Parties must provide good cause or compelling reasons justification for each document sought to be filed under seal.

Showing 12 of 570. View all sealing rules for Central District of California

Northern District of California(163)

Judge Robert M IllmanCRITICAL

To file under seal, first submit a written request with good cause showing and a proposed order.

Judge Haywood GilliamCRITICAL

Sealing requires compliance with Civil Local Rule 79-5 with judge-specific modifications.

Judge Araceli Mart Nez Olgu NCRITICAL

Documents presumptively public; sealing requires narrowly tailored court order with good cause.

Judge Rita F LinCRITICAL

The Court requires strict compliance with Civil Local Rule 79-5 (except 79-5(d)(2)) and strongly disfavors motions to seal.

Judge Rita F LinCRITICAL

If certain attachments have been filed under seal (or provisionally filed under seal with an accompanying motion to seal), only the unredacted versions of the attachments should be uploaded to Box.com. The PDF files should be named first with the docket number associated with the redacted version of the document and second with the document number associated with the unredacted/sealed version of the document. E.g., “[61-2] [62-2] Decl Doe Ex 1 - News Release.” All attachments (sealed or unsealed) should then be organized so that they can be viewed in logical order.

Judge Rita F LinCRITICAL

Documents filed under seal must be highlighted to show proposed redactions.

Judge Jon TigarCRITICAL

Parties seeking less extensive sealing than Civil Local Rule 79-5(f) must file revised redacted, unredacted, and proposed order documents.

Judge Trina L ThompsonCRITICAL

Documents under seal must comply with Civil Local Rule 79-5 (modified for Judge Thompson); non-conforming motions may be summarily terminated.

Judge P Casey PittsCRITICAL

Multiple sealing motions must be consolidated into a single joint motion.

Judge Edward J DavilaCRITICAL

Separate Motion to Seal required for each pleading; omnibus motions prohibited.

Judge Rita F LinCRITICAL

Sealed documents must be uploaded to chambers Box.com in a separate submission containing only unredacted versions, with PDFs named using the redacted version's docket number followed by the sealed version's document number and all attachments organized in logical order; contact the Courtroom Deputy with concerns about sensitive uploads.

Judge P Casey PittsCRITICAL

Sealing motions must comply with Local Rule 79-5 and provide specific arguments for sealing.

Showing 12 of 163. View all sealing rules for Northern District of California

Southern District of California(151)

Judge Cathy BencivengoCRITICAL

Motion to seal must be filed at least 7 calendar days before non-discovery motion.

Judge Ruth Bermudez MontenegroCRITICAL

Motion to seal must describe which documents/categories to seal and whether in full or part.

Judge Andrew G SchoplerCRITICAL

Materials submitted with a sealing motion must be marked for redaction in the provisionally sealed version.

Judge James E Simmons JrCRITICAL

Public redacted version required alongside sealed filing.

Judge Ruth Bermudez MontenegroCRITICAL

If the moving party has sought an order to seal the document in full, the party should file a slip sheet making clear for the Court that the document is subject to the motion to seal.

Judge Jill L BurkhardtCRITICAL

Opposing parties must notify judge's chambers within one court day if opposing seal application.

Magistrate Judge Barbara L. MajorCRITICAL

Sealing requires court order showing privilege or protectability

Judge Cynthia A. BashantCRITICAL

Voluminous sealing requests (>5 docs or >25 redacted pages) require a table

Judge Linda LopezCRITICAL

Documents filed under seal must be accompanied by a motion authorizing the sealing.

Judge Benjamin J CheeksCRITICAL

If the Court denies a motion to seal filed with a noticed motion, the documents will immediately be publicly filed on CM/ECF.

Judge Michelle M PettitCRITICAL

Lodging proposed protective orders in Word format by email to efile_Pettit@casd.uscourts.gov.

Judge Michelle M PettitCRITICAL

Designating parties must file joinder within 4 business days and show protectability; confidentiality designation alone insufficient.

Showing 12 of 151. View all sealing rules for Southern District of California

Superior Court of California, County of Contra Costa(114)

Court-level rulesCRITICAL

Parties and counsel must personally redact personally identifiable, confidential, and privileged information from electronically filed documents when redaction is required.

Court-level rulesCRITICAL

Certain confidential documents must be placed in the confidential portion of the court file and disclosed only as permitted by law.

Court-level rulesCRITICAL

Petitions for involuntary medication and supporting or opposing documents filed under the specified Penal Code provisions may be filed under seal in an envelope marked “Confidential.”

Court-level rulesCRITICAL

Parties and counsel are solely responsible for redacting personally identifiable, confidential, and privileged information from electronically filed documents when redaction is required.

Court-level rulesCRITICAL

Access to the evaluation report or its contents is limited to the parties, their attorneys, law enforcement, judicial officers, necessary court employees, and minor’s counsel unless the court orders otherwise.

Court-level rulesCRITICAL

Medically verified HIV or AIDS-related information must be included only in a confidential memorandum attached to the Court’s probation report, marked confidential, kept in a sealed envelope in the confidential file section, and opened only by the presiding bench officer.

Court-level rulesCRITICAL

Records relating to the specified petitions must be kept in a confidential file inaccessible to the general public.

Court-level rulesCRITICAL

Petitions for involuntary medication and related supporting or opposing documents may be filed under seal in an envelope marked “Confidential.”

Court-level rulesCRITICAL

Attorneys in juvenile justice proceedings may disclose victim or witness contact information only as permitted by Penal Code Section 1054.2, and disclosure to the child or parent or guardian requires specific court permission after a hearing and a showing of good cause.

Court-level rulesCRITICAL

Medically verified information about AIDS, AIDS-related diseases, or HIV positivity must be included in a confidential memorandum attached only to the Court’s Probation Report, maintained in a sealed envelope, and opened only by the presiding bench officer.

Court-level rulesCRITICAL

Parties and counsel are solely responsible for redacting personally identifiable, confidential, or privileged information from electronically filed documents when redaction is required.

Court-level rulesCRITICAL

Medically verified AIDS, AIDS-related disease, or HIV-positive information must be placed in a confidential memorandum attached only to the Court’s copy of the probation report, marked confidential, maintained in a sealed envelope in the confidential court file, and opened only by the presiding bench officer.

Showing 12 of 114. View all sealing rules for Superior Court of California, County of Contra Costa

Western District of Washington(110)

Judge Michelle L PetersonCRITICAL

Motion to seal must include meet-and-confer certification with date, manner, and participants.

Judge Michelle L PetersonCRITICAL

Motions, oppositions, and replies should rarely be sealed; if necessary, file redacted version publicly and unredacted version under seal with motion to seal.

Magistrate Judge Theresa L. FrickeCRITICAL

A party seeking to file a document under seal must explore all alternatives first.

Magistrate Judge Theresa L. FrickeCRITICAL

Confidential documents cannot be filed under seal without a motion requesting leave of Court.

Magistrate Judge Theresa L. FrickeCRITICAL

Thirteen categories of documents must be filed under seal with access limited to court staff, including grand jury matters, pretrial services reports, financial affidavits, cooperation materials, presentence reports, and others.

Magistrate Judge Brian A. TsuchidaCRITICAL

7-day notice required when filing documents claimed as confidential by other parties.

Judge Michelle L PetersonCRITICAL

Parties must redact sensitive information unless filing under seal is unavoidable.

Judge Michelle L PetersonCRITICAL

Sealed documents must be marked “FILED UNDER SEAL” on the first page.

Judge Michelle L PetersonCRITICAL

Court filings, including complaint exhibits and attachments, must replace specified personal information with abbreviated identifying information.

Judge Michelle L PetersonCRITICAL

Redact dates of birth to year only, unless deceased.

Magistrate Judge Theresa L. FrickeCRITICAL

A separately filed excerpt of an administrative record must redact all personal information under LCR 5.2(a) or be the subject of a motion to file it under seal.

Judge S Kate VaughanCRITICAL

Personal identifiers must be redacted before filing per LCR 5.2(a), with specific redaction rules for dates of birth, minor children's names, SSNs, financial accounts, and other sensitive information.

Showing 12 of 110. View all sealing rules for Western District of Washington

Eastern District of Pennsylvania(79)

Judge Joshua D WolsonCRITICAL

When filing a redacted document, the party must submit an unredacted version with highlighted proposed redactions to Chambers or via CM/ECF.

Judge Jos R ArteagaCRITICAL

Even when sealing is granted, parties must generally file redacted versions on the public docket unless redactions would render the document unreadable.

Judge John M GallagherCRITICAL

Motion to seal must identify specific injuries if materials are not sealed.

Judge Joshua D WolsonCRITICAL

Redactions must not be so extensive as to render the document unreadable, in accordance with the common law right of public access.

Judge John F MurphyCRITICAL

(ii) If the motion to file under seal is granted, file the complete, unredacted versions of the documents under seal by ECF on the docket (observing appropriate deadlines). Consistent with representations made when seeking leave to file under seal, and any related order, counsel should highlight the non-public portions of sealed documents.

Judge Gail A WeilheimerCRITICAL

Existing confidentiality orders allow sealed filings without separate motion; otherwise, motion to seal required.

Judge Joseph F Leeson JrCRITICAL

The unredacted version of the document should be filed under seal, which—unlike the rest of the motion—must be filed in paper copy with the Clerk of Court, with instructions to the Clerk to file the document as a sealed exhibit to the motion. See E.D. Pa. Local R. Civ. P. 5.1.2(7) (“Documents ordered to be placed under seal must be filed in paper copy filed in the traditional manner and not electronically.”).

Judge Karen Spencer MarstonCRITICAL

Motions to seal require good cause to be shown.

Judge Juan R. SánchezCRITICAL

Highly sensitive documents require compliance with January 22, 2021 Standing Order procedures.

Judge John M GallagherCRITICAL

Motion to seal must specify interests in nondisclosure.

Judge John M GallagherCRITICAL

Confidentiality/protective orders require formal motion, not stipulated orders.

Judge John F MurphyCRITICAL

Documents filed under seal should be filed appropriately using ECF. Any documents filed under seal should also be sent to chambers in the same manner as courtesy copies (see section 10, below). Paper copies will not be accepted.

Showing 12 of 79. View all sealing rules for Eastern District of Pennsylvania

District of Delaware(70)

Magistrate Judge Mary Pat ThyngeCRITICAL

Redacted version of sealed document must be filed electronically within 7 days; courtesy copies of sealed documents go to Clerk's Office; courtesy copies of redacted versions not required unless ordered.

Judge Jennifer L HallCRITICAL

A party seeking redactions must show good cause and explain how disclosure would cause a clearly defined and serious injury.

Judge Jennifer L HallCRITICAL

A redacted version of every sealed document must be filed electronically within seven days after the sealed document is filed.

Judge Jennifer L HallCRITICAL

Should any party intend to request to seal or redact all or any portion of a transcript of a court proceeding (including a teleconference), such party should expressly note that intent at the start of the court proceeding. Should any party subsequently choose to make a request for sealing or redaction, it must, promptly after the completion of the transcript, file with the Court a motion for sealing/redaction, and include as attachments (1) a copy of the complete transcript highlighted so the Court can easily identify and read the text proposed to be sealed/redacted, and (2) a copy of the proposed redacted/sealed transcript. With their request, the party seeking redactions must demonstrate why there is good cause for the redactions and why disclosure of the redacted material would work a clearly defined and serious injury to the party seeking redaction.

Judge Colm F ConnollyCRITICAL

Counsel must deliver an original and two copies of papers filed under seal to the Clerk.

Judge Richard G AndrewsCRITICAL

Sealed papers require original and copy delivered to Clerk; redacted version filed electronically within 7 days.

Judge Colm F ConnollyCRITICAL

Sealed papers require delivery of an original and two copies to the Clerk, and a redacted version must be filed electronically.

Judge Richard G AndrewsCRITICAL

Redacted version of sealed documents must be filed electronically within 7 days.

Judge Christopher J BurkeCRITICAL

A party pursuing transcript sealing or redaction must promptly file a motion after the transcript is completed, attach the specified transcript copies, and demonstrate good cause and why disclosure should be restricted.

Judge Eleanor G TennysonCRITICAL

Redacted version of sealed documents must be filed electronically within 7 days.

Judge Sherry R FallonCRITICAL

Mediation statements and conference discussions are confidential, cannot be used in any litigation, and breach is subject to sanctions.

Judge Sherry R FallonCRITICAL

Counsel filing papers under seal must follow the District Court’s sealed-civil-documents policy and section G of the electronic filing and service procedures.

Showing 12 of 70. View all sealing rules for District of Delaware

Superior Court of California, County of Los Angeles(68)

Judge Elihu M BerleCRITICAL

A party may designate material as 'Highly Confidential' only if the material is non-public and the party in good faith believes disclosure would create a substantial risk of serious financial or other injury that cannot be avoided by less restrictive means.

Judge Theresa M TraberCRITICAL

Parties must strictly comply with California Rules of Court 2.550 and 2.551 when filing under seal and should seal only when absolutely necessary because the Court must make specific findings for each part of every sealed document.

Judge Randolph M. HammockCRITICAL

A party who believes exchanged discovery information needs protection must serve and file a proposed protective order within 5 days of this order and meet and confer on language, with the standard SCLAC Protective Order applying by default.

Judge Ian C FusselmanCRITICAL

Materials in support of a motion filed under seal must comply with California Rules of Court Rule 2.551 et seq.

Judge Thomas D LongCRITICAL

A party seeking protection for disclosed information must serve and file a proposed protective order within five days and meet and confer on agreeable language; otherwise the default is the Los Angeles Superior Court's standard protective order.

Judge Elihu M BerleCRITICAL

Motions or proceedings containing confidential materials that are governed by California Rules of Court Rules 2.550 and 2.551 must follow those sealing rules.

Judge Marisa Hernandez SternCRITICAL

A party seeking protection for information covered by sections 2 or 3 must serve and file a proposed protective order within 5 days and meet and confer on language, with the standard LASC protective order as the default.

Judge Ashfaq G. ChowdhuryCRITICAL

A party seeking protection for the ordered discovery information must serve and file a proposed protective order within 5 days of the Order, and the parties must meet and confer on language, with the SCLAC standard Protective Order as the default.

Judge James I. Montgomery Jr.CRITICAL

Submitting parties are responsible for redacting confidential information so that it is not publicly disclosed.

Judge Michele E. FlurerCRITICAL

Exhibits containing sensitive personal information (e.g., Social Security number, home address, phone numbers, email) may not be displayed to the jury or shown to a witness unless the Court rules the information stays on the exhibit; before redacting, the party must show the document and proposed redaction to opposing counsel, and any objection is taken to the Court.

Judge Elihu M BerleCRITICAL

Confidential Materials may be accessed or disclosed only to the enumerated persons/entities: the Court; attorneys of record and their affiliated staff; in-house counsel and staff; officers, directors, partners, members, employees and agents of non-designating parties; court reporters; certain witnesses; mock jury participants; and outside experts or expert consultants.

Judge Brock T. HammondCRITICAL

A party who believes the information disclosed under this Order should be protected must serve and file a proposed protective order within 5 days of the Order, the parties must meet and confer on agreeable language, and the default is the standard LASC Protective Order from its website.

Showing 12 of 68. View all sealing rules for Superior Court of California, County of Los Angeles

Superior Court of California, County of Santa Clara(68)

Court-level rulesCRITICAL

Petitions must include two copies of documents, one unredacted and one redacted, in a sealed envelope marked 'confidential'.

Court-level rulesCRITICAL

Juvenile court documents lodged in adult court must be placed under seal or in a confidential envelope.

Court-level rulesCRITICAL

Defense counsel inspecting, copying, or using juvenile case files for YOP mitigation must redact identifying information of victims and of co-participants who were under 18 at the time of the juvenile proceedings.

Court-level rulesCRITICAL

Records subject to a sealing motion are provisionally sealed while the motion is pending.

Court-level rulesCRITICAL

Documents are public when filed unless sealed; parties must redact personal data identifiers, and sealed documents are lodged electronically with a cover sheet and redacted version filed at the same time.

Court-level rulesCRITICAL

Further dissemination of juvenile court records is prohibited without express permission from the Juvenile Court.

Court-level rulesCRITICAL

Juvenile offender identities and case details must remain confidential and not be disclosed to the press.

Court-level rulesCRITICAL

If confidential request is denied, clerk keeps unredacted petition in confidential file for 15 days; minor may seek ex parte hearing; after 15 days it moves to public file.

Court-level rulesCRITICAL

If a motion or application to seal is denied, the moving party must notify the Court that the materials will be filed unsealed or refrain from relying on the materials, which will not be part of the record.

Court-level rulesCRITICAL

Juvenile file documents lodged in adult court must be placed under seal and/or in a confidential envelope within the court file.

Court-level rulesCRITICAL

Parties must redact certain social security numbers and financial account numbers as required by CRC 1.201.

Court-level rulesCRITICAL

Juvenile case files and child welfare agency records must be treated as confidential and may be filed with the Family Court only after seeking an order to file under seal; pleadings attaching them without such an order will be stricken.

Showing 12 of 68. View all sealing rules for Superior Court of California, County of Santa Clara

Eastern District of New York(61)

Judge Pamela K ChenCRITICAL

Sealing requests require a first-step motion for leave with a cover letter explaining the sealing or redaction basis and the target document.

Judge Eric R KomiteeCRITICAL

Sealing requests are typically denied if they do not propose redactions or specifically explain why redactions are not feasible.

Judge Anne Y ShieldsCRITICAL

Confidential information filed with the Court must be filed under seal.

Judge I Leo GlasserCRITICAL

Sealed documents must be marked "TO BE SEALED" and submitted to chambers with explanation and authority.

Judge Gary R BrownCRITICAL

Objections to presentence reports should be filed under seal on ECF and served upon opposing counsel and the probation department at least two weeks before sentencing.

Judge Steven I LockeCRITICAL

Prior court permission is required before filing documents under seal.

Judge Diane GujaratiCRITICAL

Sealing requests must comply with EDNY Administrative Order No. 2004-05.

Judge Rachel P KovnerCRITICAL

Sealed filings must be filed on ECF as sealed documents.

Judge Orelia E MerchantCRITICAL

Criminal sealed-filing procedures are provided in the referenced EDNY instruction document.

Judge Diane GujaratiCRITICAL

Sealed filings must be made via ECF and include a sealing motion, following EDNY website instructions.

Judge Gary R BrownCRITICAL

PSR objections must be filed under seal two weeks before sentencing.

Judge Vera M ScanlonCRITICAL

Sealed electronic filing is allowed only after filing a letter motion for leave and obtaining court permission.

Showing 12 of 61. View all sealing rules for Eastern District of New York

Southern District of Texas(59)

Judge Charles R Eskridge IiiCRITICAL

Confidential information filed with the Court must be filed under seal to the extent permitted by law, and only confidential portions should be sealed where possible.

Judge Charles R Eskridge IiiCRITICAL

Court filings subject to confidential treatment or disclosing Confidential Information must be filed under seal to the extent permitted and remain sealed until further court order; if possible, only confidential portions should be sealed.

Judge Marina Garcia MarmolejoCRITICAL

Exhibits with personal data identifiers must comply with S.D. Texas General Order #2004-11.

Judge Yvonne Y HoCRITICAL

A party may provisionally file a document under seal only if it contemporaneously submits a motion for leave to file under seal, with the Court later deciding whether the document remains sealed.

Judge Alfred H BennettCRITICAL

To file a pleading, motion, or exhibit under seal, a party must first file a Motion to File under Seal for the Court to review.

Judge Christina A BryanCRITICAL

Documents subject to confidential treatment or disclosing Confidential Information must be filed under seal, retained until court order, with only confidential parts sealed if possible.

Judge Marina Garcia MarmolejoCRITICAL

Any exhibits containing personal data identifiers must comply with S.D. Texas General Order #2004-11 (available at the District website).

Judge Jeffrey V BrownCRITICAL

Designated Material filed with the Court is sealed only upon motion, with no automatic sealing; specific procedures apply based on whether the Filing Party is the Designating Party.

Judge Charles R Eskridge IiiCRITICAL

Filing documents under seal requires a motion establishing good cause, with redacted versions filed publicly, unredacted versions filed under seal, and proper SEALED designation on CM/ECF.

Judge Marina Garcia MarmolejoCRITICAL

Exhibits with personal data identifiers must comply with S.D. Texas General Order #2004-11.

Judge Andrew HanenCRITICAL

Counsel must comply with Fed. R. Civ. P. 5.2(a) to protect minor plaintiffs' identities and privileged information.

Judge Richard W BennettCRITICAL

Information subject to confidential treatment and court filings disclosing it must be filed under seal to the extent permitted by law.

Showing 12 of 59. View all sealing rules for Southern District of Texas

Eleventh Judicial Circuit of Florida, Miami-Dade County(56)

Judge Javier EnriquezCRITICAL

A motion to seal may be granted only where confidentiality is required to protect an enumerated interest, such as preventing a serious and imminent threat to the administration of justice, a trade secret, a compelling government interest, obtaining evidence, avoiding substantial injury to innocent third parties or a party, or complying with established public policy.

Judge Javier EnriquezCRITICAL

Guardianship reports and orders appointing court monitors in guardianship cases are confidential.

Judge Javier EnriquezCRITICAL

A party seeking to have an appellate record sealed must ensure that the clerk of the lower tribunal is alerted to the issuance of the sealing order.

Judge Javier EnriquezCRITICAL

Substance abuse service provider records pertaining to identity, diagnosis, prognosis, and service provision are confidential.

Judge Javier EnriquezCRITICAL

The order may seal specifically identified documents in the court file while the remainder of the file and progress docket stay open to the public.

Judge Samantha Ruiz CohenCRITICAL

The closing statement should NOT be filed with the Court and should be submitted to the Court directly under seal or be brought to the hearing if one is held.

Judge Javier EnriquezCRITICAL

Juvenile delinquency records are maintained as confidential.

Judge Javier EnriquezCRITICAL

Complaints alleging misconduct against judges are maintained as confidential until probable cause is established.

Judge Javier EnriquezCRITICAL

Social Security, bank account, charge, debit, and credit card numbers in court records. § 119.0714(1)(i)-(j), (2)(a)-(e), Fla. Stat. (Unless redaction is requested pursuant to 119.0714(2), this information is exempt only as of January 1, 2011.)

Judge Javier EnriquezCRITICAL

Information subject to a Rule 2.420(f)(3) motion must be treated as confidential by the clerk pending the court's ruling, and filings containing that information must be docketed in a way that does not reveal its confidential nature.

Judge Javier EnriquezCRITICAL

The Clerk must immediately seal the court-designated materials and keep them from public access.

Judge Javier EnriquezCRITICAL

(B) Complaints alleging misconduct against other entities or individuals licensed or regulated by the courts, until a finding of probable cause or no probable cause is established, unless otherwise provided. Such finding should be made within the time limit set by law or rule. If no time limit is set, the finding should be made within a reasonable period of time;

Showing 12 of 56. View all sealing rules for Eleventh Judicial Circuit of Florida, Miami-Dade County

Eighth Judicial District Court, Clark County(53)

Judge Danielle K PieperCRITICAL

Restricted personal information in medical records attached to a minor's compromise petition must be redacted before filing, and failure to redact requires a motion to redact under SRCR 3 and EDCR 2.13 before the judge will sign the order.

Judge Bita YeagerCRITICAL

Documents may not be filed under seal based solely on the existence of a protective order; an independent basis is required.

Judge Colleen BrownCRITICAL

Social Security and account numbers must be redacted from exhibits before submission.

Judge Ronald J IsraelCRITICAL

If restricted personal information is filed in a minor's compromise proceeding, the petitioner must file a motion to redact under SRCR 3 and EDCR 2.13.

Judge Crystal EllerCRITICAL

All social security numbers and insurance information must be redacted from exhibits.

Judge Ronald J IsraelCRITICAL

Should a litigant inadvertently file a document that discloses “personal information,” the litigant must file a motion to seal or redact pursuant to the Nevada Rules for Sealing and Redacting Court Records (SRCR).

Judge Nadia KrallCRITICAL

Proposed orders containing medical records or other presumed-confidential documents will be returned unsigned by the Judge.

Judge Bita YeagerCRITICAL

The unredacted, unsealed potentially protected information must be filed simultaneously with the motion to seal, and a hearing on the motion must be set.

Judge Jasmin Lilly SpellsCRITICAL

Counsel must also file an unredacted version, which the court designates TEMP SEAL (inaccessible to the public) until the motion is decided.

Judge Jasmin Lilly SpellsCRITICAL

All personal information defined by SRCR 2(6) and NRS 239B.030 must be redacted before filing a minor's compromise petition, or a motion to redact must be filed before the order will be signed.

Judge Jasmin Lilly SpellsCRITICAL

Redaction is preferred over sealing, and sealing is permitted only in the most unusual circumstances and not at all where reasonable redaction would adequately resolve the issues.

Judge Ronald J IsraelCRITICAL

If medical records are filed in a minor's compromise proceeding, the petitioner must file a motion to redact under SRCR 3.

Showing 12 of 53. View all sealing rules for Eighth Judicial District Court, Clark County

District of Columbia(49)

Judge Dabney L FriedrichCRITICAL

A motion or application filed in connection with a grand jury subpoena or other matter occurring before a grand jury, all other papers filed in support of or in opposition to such a motion or application, and all orders entered by the Court in connection therewith, shall be filed under seal. Such a motion or application shall be assigned a Grand Jury (GJ) case number and be assigned to the Chief Judge. All hearings on matters affecting a grand jury proceeding shall be closed, except for contempt proceedings in which the alleged contemnor requests a public hearing. Papers, orders and transcripts of hearings subject to this Rule, or portions thereof, may be made public by the Court on its own motion or on motion of any person upon a finding that continued secrecy is not necessary to prevent disclosure of matters occurring before the grand jury.

Senior Judge Reggie B. WaltonCRITICAL

Motion for leave to file under seal requires both unredacted and proposed redacted versions.

Judge Dabney L FriedrichCRITICAL

Sealed document filings (in a totally sealed case or paper in a public case) must be made at Clerk's Office between 9:00 a.m. and 4:00 p.m., not at the security desk.

Judge James BoasbergCRITICAL

Consent/Declination Form must be filed in a manner that prevents public view.

Judge Timothy J KellyCRITICAL

When proposing redactions, parties must file an unredacted copy with proposed redactions highlighted.

Senior Judge Colleen Kollar-KotellyCRITICAL

Sealed documents in totally sealed cases must be filed in paper with electronic copy.

Judge James BoasbergCRITICAL

As soon as practicable after filing the motion, the moving party must deliver two paper copies or an electronic copy on a secure electronic device to the Clerk's Office, packaged as the Clerk's Office prescribes.

Judge Dabney L FriedrichCRITICAL

Petitions, notices, and oppositions must be filed under seal, with a conspicuous notation on the envelope, and maintained under seal pending further order.

Senior Judge Reggie B. WaltonCRITICAL

In addition to Local Criminal Rule 49(f)(6), the parties should not presume that entire documents will be permitted to be filed under seal, but instead should strive to redact only the information that cannot be disclosed on the public docket. Therefore, when filing a motion for leave to file under seal, the moving party must not only submit the unredacted version that it seeks to file under seal, but also submit a proposed redacted version of the document for public docketing, if possible.

Judge Dabney L FriedrichCRITICAL

Motions citing fee agreement grounds must include the fee agreement, be filed under seal, and not be served on the opposing party.

Judge Dabney L FriedrichCRITICAL

When filing a sealed document in paper form, submit to Clerk's Office with electronic copy, in a securely sealed envelope/box conspicuously marked with required notation, case information, and sealing authority.

Judge James BoasbergCRITICAL

HSDs and related orders containing highly sensitive information must be kept in the Clerk's Office in a secure paper and/or independent electronic storage system.

Showing 12 of 49. View all sealing rules for District of Columbia

New York Supreme Court, New York County(45)

Court-level rulesCRITICAL

Failure to deliver the signed TRO and commencement documents to the County Clerk before e-filing will result in public viewing of the filings.

Judge Robert R ReedCRITICAL

A generic assertion that information is confidential is insufficient; the party seeking sealing must demonstrate compelling circumstances justifying restricted public access.

Judge Anar Rathod PatelCRITICAL

The movant bears the burden of demonstrating compelling circumstances to justify restricting public access.

Judge Lisa A SokoloffCRITICAL

All reports and exhibits must redact full social security numbers, finance account identifiers, and other sensitive personal information.

Judge Anar Rathod PatelCRITICAL

A confidentiality agreement or stipulation does not itself justify sealing or redaction; the Court independently determines whether sealing is appropriate.

Judge J Machelle SweetingCRITICAL

Any request to seal records must be made specifically and on a showing of good cause.

Judge Anar Rathod PatelCRITICAL

The Court will not entertain successive sealing or redaction motions concerning material previously permitted to be sealed or redacted by final order; the parties must submit a proposed sealing order citing the prior order.

Court-level rulesCRITICAL

Attorneys filing documents with the County Clerk or Court must omit or redact confidential personal information covered by Uniform Rule 202.5(e).

Judge Jennifer G SchecterCRITICAL

If provisional sealing status was employed the OSC should include a TRO maintaining such status pending a decision on the motion. Since sealing of entire documents is rarely permitted, the moving papers shall include narrowly tailored proposed redactions and the movant shall email the court and opposing counsel a version of the documents with highlighted proposed redactions.

Court-level rulesCRITICAL

An infant's compromise application must be filed through NYSCEF in redacted form, with an unredacted copy submitted for the Justice's action.

Court-level rulesCRITICAL

Except in the specified proceedings or as otherwise authorized by rule, law, or court order, parties must omit or redact confidential personal information from papers submitted for filing, regardless of whether a sealing order has been sought.

Court-level rulesCRITICAL

Counsel seeking to seal documents in NYSCEF must follow the specified procedures and obtain an order under Uniform Rule Part 216.

Showing 12 of 45. View all sealing rules for New York Supreme Court, New York County

Eastern District of Virginia(43)

Judge John A Gibney JrCRITICAL

Probation Office must file recalculation worksheet under seal.

Judge Mark S DavisCRITICAL

Two paper copies (unfolded 8½x11) of specified documents must be submitted in a sealed envelope marked 'HIGHLY SENSITIVE DOCUMENT' with redacted caption page and placeholder number affixed.

Judge Mark R ColombellCRITICAL

Probation Office must file the recalculation worksheet under seal.

Judge Rebecca Beach SmithCRITICAL

Transportation Orders for prisoner debriefings/interviews may be filed under seal

Judge Mark S DavisCRITICAL

A motion for leave to file a Highly Sensitive Document (HSD) is required before filing.

Judge Mark R ColombellCRITICAL

Worksheets for retroactive criminal history amendments must be filed as sealed ECF and sent to counsel of record.

Judge John A Gibney JrCRITICAL

Social Security records, administrative immigration records; qui tam complaints; and, Commercial or proprietary information. The motion to seal and to treat a document as an HSD via CM/ECF shall go forward under existing procedures, except that a copy of the proposed HSD shall NOT be filed electronically. Instead, a blank placeholder document shall be attached to the motion in place of the proposed HSD to reserve the docket number.

Judge Mark S DavisCRITICAL

The Court may order removal of an HSD or highly sensitive case from the electronic filing system upon motion of a party or sua sponte.

Judge David J NovakCRITICAL

Petitions for violation of probation/supervised release/pretrial release conditions that include a request for an arrest warrant must be filed under seal; upon arrest, the Clerk shall unseal the petition and the docket entry for the warrant return.

Judge David J NovakCRITICAL

Counsel must seek leave of court before filing an HSD.

Judge John A Gibney JrCRITICAL

The Court may designate certain materials as HSD on its own initiative or on party motion.

Judge John A Gibney JrCRITICAL

Petitions for violation of probation, supervised release, or pretrial release conditions, and related addenda and warrants, must be filed under seal and unsealed upon arrest.

Showing 12 of 43. View all sealing rules for Eastern District of Virginia

Court of Common Pleas of Washington County, Pennsylvania(42)

Court-level rulesCRITICAL

A filing containing defined Confidential Documents must be marked confidential through the portal prompts when submitted.

Court-level rulesCRITICAL

Exhibits containing confidential information or filed under seal must not be accessible to the public.

Court-level rulesCRITICAL

An electronic filing containing defined Confidential Information must be appropriately redacted as required by the Public Access Policy.

Court-level rulesCRITICAL

When the proceeding concludes, its documents must be impounded and sealed in a packet that may be opened only by court order and must remain with the Register/Clerk.

Court-level rulesCRITICAL

When filing a document that requires confidential or other security treatment, the filer must indicate that treatment through the portal prompts at submission.

Court-level rulesCRITICAL

Electronic filings containing defined Confidential Information must be redacted as required by the Public Access Policy.

Court-level rulesCRITICAL

Parties may not file both redacted and unredacted versions of the same pleading, exhibit, or other document.

Court-level rulesCRITICAL

A filer submitting a document that should be confidential or otherwise secured must indicate the required security through the portal prompts at submission.

Court-level rulesCRITICAL

Unless the court orders otherwise, transcript preparers must redact Social Security numbers, financial institution account identifiers, and names of minor children.

Court-level rulesCRITICAL

If a confidential or sealed exhibit is filed in C-Track, the records office must mark the docket and maintain the exhibit as directed by the Court or its designee.

Court-level rulesCRITICAL

Complaint-related filings are confidential unless the President Judge makes them public; if misconduct is sustained, the President Judge may make the decision and appropriate file materials public.

Court-level rulesCRITICAL

Only the Court may seal a filing by order, and a party seeking sealing should present a motion rather than seal it on its own.

Showing 12 of 42. View all sealing rules for Court of Common Pleas of Washington County, Pennsylvania

Circuit Court of Boone County, Illinois (17th Judicial Circuit)(41)

Court-level rulesCRITICAL

Impounded search warrant records are unavailable to the public but available to parties of record and as otherwise directed by court order.

Court-level rulesCRITICAL

Mental health records must be impounded subject to the cited statute.

Court-level rulesCRITICAL

Fitness reports and psychological or psychiatric evaluations must be impounded subject to the cited statute.

Court-level rulesCRITICAL

Financial affidavits and supporting documents must be filed as impounded documents and are not available to the public, subject to the stated authorized access.

Court-level rulesCRITICAL

Adoption files must be impounded subject to the cited statute.

Court-level rulesCRITICAL

Pretrial services reports received by the Circuit Clerk should be sealed in the applicable file, while the court, probation, parties, and counsel retain access.

Court-level rulesCRITICAL

After a jury trial, the listed juror documents must be placed in separate envelopes as specified and sealed in the court file.

Court-level rulesCRITICAL

Presentence investigation reports must be impounded subject to the cited statute.

Court-level rulesCRITICAL

The Circuit Clerk must maintain under seal in the case file copies of the specified items sent to the Illinois Department of Human Services.

Court-level rulesCRITICAL

Guardian ad litem reports concerning a minor in family, divorce, or minor guardianship cases must be filed as impounded documents, unavailable to the public but accessible to the listed persons and others as directed by the court.

Court-level rulesCRITICAL

A party seeking to file under seal without a prior court order must electronically file a motion for leave.

Court-level rulesCRITICAL

Juvenile files must be impounded subject to the cited statutes and local-rule exception.

Showing 12 of 41. View all sealing rules for Circuit Court of Boone County, Illinois (17th Judicial Circuit)

18th Judicial Circuit Court, DuPage County(37)

Court-level rulesCRITICAL

If filing under seal without a prior court order, a party must e-file a motion for leave including a legal explanation, and may not attach the sealed document to the motion.

Court-level rulesCRITICAL

A Court Order or Grand Jury subpoena is Required to Divulge the Contents of the Case Records of the Department of Probation and Court Services. The Department of Probation and Court Services must strictly comply with the following paragraph of the Probation and Probation Officers Act: ... which records shall be open to inspection by any judge or by any probation officer pursuant to order of court, but shall not be a public record, and its contents shall not be divulged otherwise than as above provided, except upon order of court.

Court-level rulesCRITICAL

Parties must redact personal identifiers (SSN, driver's license, minor children's names, DOB, financial account numbers) from all electronic filings, using only last four digits or initials as specified, unless otherwise ordered.

Court-level rulesCRITICAL

A party filing under seal without a prior court order must e-file a motion for leave to file under seal, including an explanation of the legal standards; the document may not be attached to the motion.

Court-level rulesCRITICAL

Probation and Court Services case records are confidential and non-public; their contents may only be divulged upon a court order or grand jury subpoena, subject to specified statutory exceptions.

Court-level rulesCRITICAL

All filed documents must be redacted to protect privacy, except civil writs of attachment.

Court-level rulesCRITICAL

If a minor child must be mentioned, only the child's initials may be used.

Court-level rulesWARNING

The original pre-sentence or pre-plea report is filed with the Clerk of the Circuit Court in a sealed envelope marked with the report type and the case number and title.

Court-level rulesWARNING

Original eavesdropping device applications and authorization or denial orders are retained, filed, and impounded with the Clerk subject to further order of the Court.

Court-level rulesWARNING

The Department may share probation records with law enforcement when the information is already public record or is based on visual public observation by probation officers or court service personnel.

Court-level rulesWARNING

Caution is advised when filing documents containing other sensitive information like driver's license numbers, medical records, employment history, financial info, and trade secrets.

Court-level rulesWARNING

The original pre-plea or pre-sentence report must be delivered to the Clerk in a sealed envelope marked with the report type, case number, and title.

Showing 12 of 37. View all sealing rules for 18th Judicial Circuit Court, DuPage County

Northern District of Illinois(36)

Judge Sunil R. HarjaniCRITICAL

Default protective order in Appendix B effective upon initial disclosures; modifications allowed for good cause without delaying disclosures.

Judge John J. Tharp Jr.CRITICAL

The destruction petition, the United States attorney's response, and any related chief judge order are restricted documents by default unless the court orders otherwise.

Judge Young B KimCRITICAL

Under Alternative A, deposition testimony is protected only if designated “CONFIDENTIAL-SUBJECT TO PROTECTIVE ORDER” on the record when taken, and the designation must be specific as to the confidential portions.

Judge John J. Tharp Jr.CRITICAL

Documents authorized for non-electronic filing under seal must be delivered for filing pursuant to Local Rule 5.8.

Judge Georgia N AlexakisCRITICAL

A party must notify the producer at least five business days before publicly filing a document the producer designated as Confidential or Highly Confidential so the producer can move to seal it.

Judge Young B KimCRITICAL

(b) The receiving party also must immediately inform in writing the party who caused the subpoena or order to issue in the other litigation that some or all of the material the subpoena or order seeks is the subject of this Order. The receiving party must also deliver a copy of this Order promptly to the party in the other action that caused the subpoena or order to issue.

Judge Jeannice W AppentengCRITICAL

AI models, inputs, and outputs derived from Confidential Information are deemed Confidential and restricted to use in this litigation.

Judge Jeannice W AppentengCRITICAL

Any party or interested member of the public may challenge the sealing of documents, with the party asserting confidentiality bearing the burden of proving the sealing is proper.

Judge Young B KimCRITICAL

Confidential Information may be designated only for statutorily protected information, trade secrets, confidential research/technical/commercial/financial information, medical information, personal identity information, tax records, and non-party personnel or employment records.

Judge Jeannice W AppentengCRITICAL

Confidential Information and documents marked CONFIDENTIAL-SUBJECT TO PROTECTIVE ORDER must be returned to the producing party within 63 days of final judgment or dismissal, with specified exceptions.

Judge Jeannice W AppentengCRITICAL

Challenged Confidential Information must remain treated as confidential until court rules.

Judge Young B KimWARNING

Marking a document “CONFIDENTIAL-SUBJECT TO PROTECTIVE ORDER” confers protection only under this Order and not by statute or otherwise.

Showing 12 of 36. View all sealing rules for Northern District of Illinois

Dallas County District Courts(33)

Judge Dale TilleryCRITICAL

Documents may be designated confidential by stamping "CONFIDENTIAL" or another agreed method, without obscuring the underlying writings.

Judge Dale TilleryCRITICAL

Deposition portions may be designated confidential on the record or by written notice within 72 hours of receiving the transcript, and should be transcribed separately and marked by the court reporter.

Judge Veretta FrazierCRITICAL

Any motion to seal court records must strictly follow Rule 76a of the Texas Rules of Civil Procedure.

Judge Dale TilleryCRITICAL

Paper filings containing sensitive data must include the notice phrase on the upper left-hand side of the first page.

Judge Dale TilleryCRITICAL

When a confidentiality claim is challenged, the claiming party must move for a court ruling; material stays confidential for 20 days if no motion is filed, or until the Court rules if a motion is filed.

Judge Dale TilleryCRITICAL

Orders about appointments and fees may never be sealed or withheld from public disclosure.

Judge Bridgett N WhitmoreWARNING

A party may designate deposition portions as confidential on the record or by written notice to opposing counsel within 72 hours after receiving the deposition transcript.

Judge Dale TilleryWARNING

Any party may challenge a confidentiality designation by written notice of objection to the claiming party's counsel.

Judge Bridgett N WhitmoreWARNING

When a confidentiality claim is challenged, the party requesting confidential treatment must move for a ruling from the Court.

Judge Veretta FrazierWARNING

Confidential Material may only be used by counsel for litigation of this case or related actions, and may not be revealed without the claiming party's written consent or a Court order.

Judge Veretta FrazierWARNING

When a confidentiality claim is challenged, the claiming party must move for a Court ruling; the material remains confidential for 20 days if no motion is filed, or until the Court rules if a motion is filed.

Judge Dale TilleryWARNING

Deposition portions may be designated confidential by written notice to opposing counsel no later than 72 hours after receipt of the transcript.

Showing 12 of 33. View all sealing rules for Dallas County District Courts

Eastern District of Texas(31)

Judge Sean D JordanCRITICAL

This balancing should include a “consideration of less drastic alternatives” to sealing entire documents. Binh Hoa Le, 990 F.3d at 420. For example, where the movant’s interests can be protected by redacting portions of a document, rather than sealing the entire document, courts generally favor redaction as a less drastic alternative.

Judge Ron ClarkCRITICAL

for financial account numbers, use only the last four digits; for names of minor children, use only their initials; for dates of birth, use only the year; and (in criminal cases) for home addresses, use only the city and state.

Judge Robert SchroederCRITICAL

Requests to seal or otherwise protect certain information of a confidential and/or proprietary nature from public disclosure during a hearing or trial should be made before the public disclosure of the information.

Judge Robert SchroederCRITICAL

The above standing order makes clear that requests to seal or otherwise protect information from public disclosure during a hearing or trial should be made before the public disclosure of the information.

Judge John D LoveCRITICAL

Transcript redactions must follow Local Rule CV-5.2 timing requirements.

Judge John D LoveCRITICAL

Requests to seal courtroom/record must be made before public disclosure and demonstrate sensitive nature and good faith meet-and-confer.

Judge Christine L StetsonCRITICAL

Personal identifiers must be redacted from the witness list before filing.

Judge Sean D JordanCRITICAL

Courts must be ungenerous with discretion to seal judicial records

Judge John D LoveCRITICAL

Sealed attachments alone do not justify sealing the entire filing.

Judge Rodney GilstrapCRITICAL

The above standing order makes clear that requests to seal or otherwise protect information from public disclosure during a hearing or trial should be made before the public disclosure of the information.

Judge Roy PayneWARNING

Exemptions from Protected Document status include published materials and government submissions.

Judge J Campbell BarkerWARNING

When a document is sought to be sealed only partially, the party must specify the extent of the sealing.

Showing 12 of 31. View all sealing rules for Eastern District of Texas

District of New Jersey(27)

Judge Justin T QuinnCRITICAL

Motions to seal must comply with Local Rule 5.3(c), include proposed order and findings, reference docket entries, and certify party consent.

Judge Andrew B Altenburg JrCRITICAL

If the parties designate as exhibits documents that are marked as confidential, a redacted set of the confidential documents should be filed on the public docket, and a separate, unredacted version of the documents should be filed under seal with the Court pursuant to Local Rule.

Judge Esther SalasCRITICAL

Redactions must be made before disclosure regardless of party agreement.

Judge Evelyn PadinCRITICAL

Sealed or sentencing materials may be emailed to Chambers if copying chambers email and filing a redacted version on CM/ECF.

Judge Esther SalasCRITICAL

Redactions must be sufficient to prevent content from being apparent from surrounding context.

Judge Michael B KaplanCRITICAL

If the parties designate as exhibits documents that are marked as confidential, a redacted set of the confidential documents should be filed on the public docket, and a separate, unredacted version of the documents should be filed under seal with the Court pursuant to Local Rule. During the Zoom proceeding, the Court will “screen share” only the redacted version of the confidential exhibits. The Court does not need hard copies of the redacted exhibits. In the hardcopy set of exhibits to be delivered to the Court, the confidential documents should be provided in separate sealed envelopes marked as confidential.

Judge Jennifer Choe GrovesCRITICAL

Sealed filings do not require physical copies; a redacted version must be filed electronically within 7 days.

Judge Evelyn PadinCRITICAL

Counsel of Record must meet and confer to determine redactions upon Request for Disclosure.

Judge Christine M GravelleCRITICAL

If the parties designate as exhibits documents that are marked as confidential, a redacted set of the confidential documents should be filed on the public docket, and a separate, unredacted version of the documents should be filed under seal with the Court pursuant to Local Rule. During the Zoom proceeding, the Court will “screen share” only the redacted version of the confidential exhibits. The Court does not need hard copies of the redacted exhibits. In the hardcopy set of exhibits to be delivered to the Court, the confidential documents should be provided in separate sealed envelopes marked as confidential. Whenever witnesses are expected to testify on the record about confidential information, counsel must provide advanced notice so that the Court can determine whether arrangements need to be made to protect that information from anyone listening in during the Zoom proceeding.

Judge Rukhsanah L SinghCRITICAL

Motions to seal require proposed order, findings of fact, conclusions of law, and docket entry references.

Judge John K SherwoodCRITICAL

If the parties designate as exhibits documents that are marked as confidential, a redacted set of the confidential documents should be filed on the public docket, and a separate, unredacted version of the documents should be filed under seal with the Court pursuant to Local Rule. During the Zoom proceeding, the Court will “screen share” only the redacted version of the confidential exhibits. The Court does not need hard copies of the redacted exhibits. In the hardcopy set of exhibits to be delivered to the Court, the confidential documents should be provided in separate sealed envelopes marked as confidential. Whenever witnesses are expected to testify on the record about confidential information, counsel must provide advance notice so that the Court can determine whether arrangements need to be made to protect that information from anyone listening in during the Zoom proceeding.

Judge Evelyn PadinCRITICAL

Counsel of Record during the meet and confer process should take great care to redact Presumptively Non-Public Information prior to e-filing on CM/ECF. Presumptively Non-Public Information includes the following: references to the Presentence Report (“PSR”); names of victims, witnesses, and other individuals whose identity and roles were not previously disclosed; information regarding cooperation by the defendant and others that was not previously disclosed; sensitive personal information concerning the defendant and others, including but not limited to medical or psychological reports and data; personal identifying information such as addresses, social security numbers, account numbers, and dates of birth; and information obtained during the course of a Grand Jury or law enforcement investigation that was not previously disclosed. All redactions should be sufficient to ensure that the content of the redacted information is not apparent from the context of the surrounding text.

Showing 12 of 27. View all sealing rules for District of New Jersey

Western District of Texas(27)

Judge Andrew B DavisCRITICAL

When moving to seal appendix materials, divide into public and sealed volumes with separate pagination and table of contents requirements.

Judge Alan AlbrightCRITICAL

If either party files briefing under seal, the Court will enter a sealed order, and the movant must email a redacted public version to the law clerk for publication within seven days after entry.

Judge Dan MaclemoreCRITICAL

Parties must meet and confer before filing a motion to seal; motion must certify compliance.

Chief Judge Alia MosesCRITICAL

Parties may file unredacted documents or a reference list under seal with specified heading if full personal data identifiers are required; reference lists may be amended as of right and apply to civil and criminal cases.

Judge Alan AlbrightCRITICAL

Any party may file materials containing confidential information under seal without a separate motion for leave.

Judge Xavier RodriguezCRITICAL

Compliance with Fed. R. Civ. P. 5.2 regarding redaction of certain material is mandatory.

Judge Derek GillilandWARNING

Exhibits that are nonconfidential in their entirety should not be filed under seal at all.

Judge Alan AlbrightWARNING

Entirely nonconfidential exhibits should not be filed under seal.

Judge Orlando L GarciaWARNING

Sealing requires motion with authority; redaction preferred over sealing.

Judge Alan AlbrightWARNING

Parties must coordinate on a publicly available version with targeted redactions of information any party deems confidential, label it “PUBLIC VERSION,” and coordination does not concede that the redacted information is confidential.

Judge Derek GillilandINFO

Cooperation on redactions does not constitute agreement on confidentiality

Judge Derek GillilandINFO

Redacted versions not required for exhibits to sealed documents

Showing 12 of 27. View all sealing rules for Western District of Texas

Wood County Court of Common Pleas, General Division(26)

Court-level rulesCRITICAL

A motion to seal must request that the documents have no direct or remote public access.

Court-level rulesCRITICAL

Personal identifying information must be redacted from all exhibits, except where necessary to identify a specific account or exhibit.

Court-level rulesCRITICAL

A defendant or defense counsel must file an ex parte funding motion under seal directly with the court, after which the court records the filing date and time and maintains a separate ex parte file for later appellate-record determination.

Court-level rulesCRITICAL

Every motion requesting sealing must request denial of both direct and remote public access to the documents sought to be sealed.

Court-level rulesCRITICAL

A defendant's ex parte motion for funding must be filed directly with the court under seal.

Court-level rulesCRITICAL

Social Security numbers and other information that must remain outside the public record must be redacted under the court's and Supreme Court of Ohio's rules.

Court-level rulesCRITICAL

The probation department's CQE information packet is nonpublic and must not be added to the clerk's case file.

Court-level rulesCRITICAL

The Title IV-D benefits application must be filed in a confidential file.

Court-level rulesCRITICAL

A filer must redact statutory personal identifiers before e-filing and complete the e-filing system's personal-identifier questionnaire before the clerk will accept the filing.

Court-level rulesCRITICAL

Social security numbers and other information that must be excluded from the public record must be redacted under the court’s rules and the Rules of Superintendence.

Court-level rulesCRITICAL

The decision on an ex parte funding motion is sealed and provided only to the defendant and defense counsel.

Court-level rulesCRITICAL

The motion, proceeding transcript, defendant-submitted evidence, and court orders must be sealed and held by the court.

Showing 12 of 26. View all sealing rules for Wood County Court of Common Pleas, General Division

Eastern District of California(23)

Showing 6 of 23. View all sealing rules for Eastern District of California

New York Supreme Court, Nassau County(23)

Judge Denise L SherCRITICAL

No case or portion of a case may be sealed unless good cause is adequately shown.

Judge David J GugertyCRITICAL

Counsel must redact all evidence.

Judge Jerome C MurphyCRITICAL

When the parties agree that documents present compelling circumstances for sealing, they may proceed by a stipulation stating the good-cause reasons and requesting an order approving the stipulation.

Judge Jerome C MurphyCRITICAL

A party seeking sealing or redaction may proceed by order to show cause stating proper reasons and demonstrating good cause, or may redact pursuant to 22 NYCRR §216.1.

Judge Paul KennyCRITICAL

No case or portion of a case may be sealed without adequately demonstrated good cause.

Judge Sharon M J GianelliCRITICAL

If the parties do not agree to sealing or redaction, the requesting party may proceed by order to show cause with proper reasons and good cause under 22 NYCRR 216.1.

Judge Eileen C. Daly-SapraiconeCRITICAL

Unredacted expert affirmations must be hand-delivered in a sealed envelope marked as specified and identify the redacted affirmation’s NYSCEF docket entry number and motion sequence number.

Judge Sharon M J GianelliCRITICAL

While the parties are free to exchange documents sought to be sealed, no unsealed version of the documents shall be filed unless found to be not subject to sealing in an Order on the sealing motion.

Judge Sharon M J GianelliCRITICAL

A request for additional redactions or sealing must be made by order to show cause establishing good cause under 22 NYCRR 216.1.

Judge Jerome C MurphyCRITICAL

Before filing documents deemed confidential, a party must give the designating party at least five business days' notice, and the parties must meet and confer within three days of that notice.

Judge Sharon M J GianelliCRITICAL

A sealing motion must include an unredacted version of the relevant documents, sent to the court by email for comparison with the motion's redacted versions.

Judge Donald X. Clavin Jr.CRITICAL

A case or portion of a case may not be sealed unless good cause is adequately shown.

Showing 12 of 23. View all sealing rules for New York Supreme Court, Nassau County

Court of Common Pleas of Butler County, Pennsylvania(23)

Showing 3 of 23. View all sealing rules for Court of Common Pleas of Butler County, Pennsylvania

Superior Court of California, County of San Francisco(22)

Showing 8 of 22. View all sealing rules for Superior Court of California, County of San Francisco

New York Supreme Court, Bronx County(22)

Judge Fidel GomezCRITICAL

The Court will consider requests for additional sealing or redaction only through an order to show cause.

Judge Fidel GomezCRITICAL

The parties may not stipulate to seal or redact material beyond the categories permitted by the Redaction Rules.

Judge Myrna SocorroCRITICAL

Confidential personal information includes taxpayer identification numbers, birth dates, minors' full names, and financial account numbers, subject to the stated limited exceptions.

Judge Fidel GomezCRITICAL

The parties may not stipulate to sealing or redaction beyond the Redaction Rules, and additional sealing or redaction requires an order to show cause.

Judge Patsy GouldborneCRITICAL

The infant’s full name (other than initials) and date of birth (other than year) MUST BE REDACTED in all e-filed documents.

Judge Shawn T. KellyCRITICAL

Confidential personal information must be omitted or redacted from papers submitted for filing.

Judge Fidel GomezCRITICAL

When additional sealing or redaction is permitted, the parties must electronically file a public redacted copy and the unredacted copy under seal.

Judge Fidel GomezCRITICAL

When additional sealing or redaction is permitted, the parties must electronically file a public redacted copy and an unredacted copy under seal.

Judge Fidel GomezCRITICAL

The moving papers must clearly identify every document for which sealing is requested, including its specific NYSCEF document number.

Judge Fidel GomezCRITICAL

A sealing or redaction application must identify the document and reason for the request and establish good cause under 22 NYCRR 216.1.

Judge Mary Ann BriganttiCRITICAL

The infant’s full name and full date of birth, rather than initials and year alone, must be redacted in every electronically filed document.

Judge Fidel GomezCRITICAL

Each document to be sealed must be clearly identified in the moving papers by its specific NYSCEF document number.

Showing 12 of 22. View all sealing rules for New York Supreme Court, Bronx County

Fifteenth Judicial Circuit of Florida, Palm Beach County(21)

Court-level rulesCRITICAL

Every Live Birth Certificate filed for a minor child must be treated as confidential.

Judge Rosemarie ScherCRITICAL

All but the last four digits of a driver's license or identification number must be redacted before filing.

Court-level rulesCRITICAL

The second page containing the parties' Social Security numbers must be kept confidential from public disclosure.

Court-level rulesCRITICAL

The clerk must keep the personal-information page separate from the file and confidential.

Judge Scott Ryan KernerCRITICAL

Confidential information must be removed from documents provided to the Court before evidentiary use.

Judge Rosemarie ScherCRITICAL

All but the last four digits of a driver license or identification number must be redacted using whiteout or blackout.

Court-level rulesCRITICAL

The Clerk of Court must maintain the 23 categories of documents identified by Rule 2.420(d)(1) as confidential.

Court-level rulesWARNING

The Clerk will redact specified sensitive information so it does not appear in documents accessible to the general public.

Court-level rulesWARNING

A filer may file a Motion to Determine Confidentiality of Court Records to seek treatment as confidential for information outside the 23 categories identified in Rule 2.420(d)(1).

Judge Lisa S SmallWARNING

Unless the Court schedules argument otherwise, proposed record redactions are to be addressed at the pre-trial status conference.

Judge Darren Dunifon ShullINFO

A producing party may redact privileged, protected, personal data, data-protection, and other legally authorized information from produced documents and information.

Showing 11 of 21. View all sealing rules for Fifteenth Judicial Circuit of Florida, Palm Beach County

Guernsey County Court of Common Pleas, General Division(21)

Showing 9 of 21. View all sealing rules for Guernsey County Court of Common Pleas, General Division

Superior Court of Delaware, New Castle County(20)

Judge Paul R WallaceCRITICAL

Confidential or highly confidential discovery material used in open court or lodged as a trial exhibit loses its confidential status and becomes public unless the producing party obtains a court order maintaining its confidentiality.

Judge Paul R WallaceCRITICAL

The Prothonotary may unseal materials governed by Paragraph 12 only under Rule 5(g) or a further court order.

Judge Paul R WallaceCRITICAL

If the motion seeking continued confidential treatment is not timely filed, the confidential filing becomes part of the public record and is accessible on the docket system.

Judge Paul R WallaceCRITICAL

Any court filing that communicates Confidential Discovery Material must be filed confidentially and withheld from public access under Superior Court Civil Rules 5(g) and 79.1.

Judge Paul R WallaceCRITICAL

A party must file a public version that redacts only sensitive, non-public Confidential or Highly Confidential Discovery Material that the producing party reasonably and in good faith believes should be withheld.

Judge Paul R WallaceCRITICAL

A person challenging confidential treatment has seven days to file an opposition.

Judge Paul R WallaceCRITICAL

A producing party seeking to continue restricted public access to a confidential filing must file a motion with the court within the seven-day period specified by Superior Court Rule 5(g)(4).

Judge Paul R WallaceWARNING

Public versions of exhibits, affidavits, declarations, and other attachments ordinarily are not required, unless Rule 5(g), a court order, or the Prothonotary requires one.

Court-level rulesWARNING

Sealed documents will be released from confidential treatment or destroyed according to the court’s retention schedule.

Showing 9 of 20. View all sealing rules for Superior Court of Delaware, New Castle County

Superior Court of California, County of San Diego(19)

Judge Carolyn M. CaiettiCRITICAL

Sealing requests must comply with CRC 2.550 and 2.551; records may not be sealed based solely on party stipulation.

Judge Euketa OliverCRITICAL

Motion briefing filed with redactions or under seal requires a noticed motion to seal, and the motion will not be adjudicated until it is decided.

Judge Terrie E. RobertsCRITICAL

Documents may be filed under seal only in compliance with California Rules of Court Rule Nos. 2.550 and 2.551.

Judge Euketa OliverCRITICAL

Documents under seal or conditionally under seal must comply with CRC Rules 2.550 and 2.551; the Court will not seal non-compliant documents.

Judge Judy S BaeCRITICAL

Stipulated protective orders and motions to seal must comply with CRC Rules 2.550 and 2.551; records will not be sealed based solely on party agreement or stipulation.

Judge Gregory W PollackCRITICAL

Requests to seal court records must comply with CRC 2.550 and 2.551.

Judge Terrie E. RobertsCRITICAL

Documents submitted conditionally under seal will not be sealed unless the party complies with CRC Rule Nos. 2.550, 2.551, and 3.1302(b).

Judge Marcella O MclaughlinCRITICAL

Sealing requires a motion complying with CRC rules 2.550/2.551; records are not sealed by stipulation alone, and a substantive motion is not decided until the sealing motion is heard.

Judge Mark T. CumbaCRITICAL

Protective orders and sealing must comply with CRC rules 2.550 and 2.551; records are not sealed on stipulation alone, and sealed substantive motions are not decided until after the sealing hearing.

Judge Euketa OliverWARNING

If no motion to seal is filed within the statutory time for conditionally sealed documents, the party must inform the clerk and file a notice that the documents become part of the public record.

Judge Euketa OliverWARNING

Sealing requests will not be addressed ex parte unless the Court instructs otherwise.

Judge Euketa OliverWARNING

For motions containing confidential materials, the Court prefers parties to lodge rather than file the confidential documents via a Notice of Lodgment.

Showing 12 of 19. View all sealing rules for Superior Court of California, County of San Diego

Superior Court of California, County of Kern(19)

Showing 7 of 19. View all sealing rules for Superior Court of California, County of Kern

Cameron County District Courts(19)

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Richland County Court of Common Pleas, General Division(18)

Court-level rulesCRITICAL

Expunged cases must be removed from the case management system and their files destroyed.

Court-level rulesCRITICAL

Information omitted from a filing because it contains personal identifiers must be submitted to the Court or Clerk on the Court's Personal Identifiers form in a sealed envelope.

Court-level rulesCRITICAL

The nonpublic CQE investigation packet must not be added to the clerk's file.

Court-level rulesCRITICAL

In accordance with Sup.R. 11.14, a party may file a motion for leave to redact a previously filed document if personal identifying information was not omitted or redacted when the document was initially filed.

Court-level rulesCRITICAL

Cases must be sealed or expunged in accordance with the cited Ohio Revised Code sections.

Court-level rulesCRITICAL

Omitted personal identifiers must be submitted on the court’s Personal Identifiers form in a sealed envelope labeled for court-only opening, with the case number and related document identified, and provided upon a party’s motion if requested.

Court-level rulesCRITICAL

Documents may be filed under seal only after a prior court order authorizes sealing.

Court-level rulesCRITICAL

Documents requiring sealing must be submitted to the Clerk in a securely sealed envelope bearing the prescribed seal marking, case information, document title, sealing-order date, and filer's party designation.

Court-level rulesCRITICAL

The Court must prepare the sealing or expungement order and provide it with the BCI form to the Clerk.

Court-level rulesWARNING

Cases must be sealed or expunged in accordance with the specified Ohio Revised Code sections.

Court-level rulesWARNING

A request for access to a court document previously restricted from public access may be made by motion.

Showing 11 of 18. View all sealing rules for Richland County Court of Common Pleas, General Division

Collin County District Courts(17)

Showing 6 of 17. View all sealing rules for Collin County District Courts

Dauphin County Court of Common Pleas(17)

Court-level rulesCRITICAL

Minors’ names and dates of birth may not appear in a filing except when the minor is charged as a defendant in a criminal matter.

Court-level rulesCRITICAL

Social security numbers may not be included in a filing except on the designated Confidential Information Form.

Court-level rulesCRITICAL

The confidential-document procedure applies to financial source documents, minors’ educational records, medical or psychological records, Children and Youth Services records, marital property inventories and pre-trial statements, income and expense statements, and agreements between parties used under 23 Pa.C.S. §3105.

Court-level rulesCRITICAL

Driver’s license numbers may not be included in a filing except on the designated Confidential Information Form.

Court-level rulesCRITICAL

In covered family-court actions, an abuse victim’s address and other contact information, including employer information, may not appear in a filing, but the victim’s name is excepted.

Court-level rulesWARNING

The court and filing offices are not required to review filed documents for Public Access Policy compliance and will not redact them.

Court-level rulesINFO

The confidential-information section does not apply to sealed cases, cases exempt from public access, juvenile cases, child-support cases, or adoptions.

Court-level rulesINFO

The confidential-document rule does not apply to cases already sealed or exempt from public access under applicable authority, including juvenile cases, child support cases, and adoptions.

Showing 8 of 17. View all sealing rules for Dauphin County Court of Common Pleas

Montgomery County Court of Common Pleas, General Division(17)

Showing 9 of 17. View all sealing rules for Montgomery County Court of Common Pleas, General Division

Fulton County Court of Common Pleas, Ohio(16)

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New York Supreme Court, Kings County(16)

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Greene County Court of Common Pleas, General Division(16)

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Henry County Court of Common Pleas, General Division(16)

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Fannin County District Court(15)

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Snohomish County Superior Court(15)

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Superior Court of California, County of San Mateo(15)

Judge Mark A MccannonCRITICAL

A motion or application to seal must be heard no later than a motion that relies on the materials sought to be sealed.

Judge Michael L MauCRITICAL

After denial of sealing, the moving party must either notify the Court that the materials will be filed unsealed or refrain from relying on materials that will not become part of the record.

Judge David A SilbermanCRITICAL

A sealing motion or application must be decided before any motion relying on the materials, and after denial the moving party must either identify the materials for unsealed filing or refrain from relying on them.

Judge Mark A MccannonCRITICAL

Parties must redact agreed non-evidentiary information, including insurance information, from medical, personal, or consumer records offered as exhibits, and the proponent must prepare clean copies for evidence.

Judge Mark A MccannonCRITICAL

For medical, personal, or consumer records, the parties must delete agreed information that should not be introduced, including insurance information, and the proponent must prepare clean copies for evidence submission.

Judge Mark A MccannonCRITICAL

After denial of sealing, the moving party must either notify the Court that the materials will be filed unsealed or decline to rely on them, in which case they will not become part of the record.

Court-level rulesCRITICAL

The Guardianship Declaration and Confidential Guardian Screening Form remain confidential unless the court orders otherwise, while the other guardianship documents become part of the public record.

Court-level rulesWARNING

The victim-or-witness confidentiality sealing procedure preserves specified disclosure provisions, informant and search-warrant procedures, authorized defense access to unredacted reports, and documents submitted in support of civil complaints.

Court-level rulesINFO

Confidential discovery documents lodged under Rule 2.1.9 will not be sealed because they are exempt from the sealing rules.

Showing 9 of 15. View all sealing rules for Superior Court of California, County of San Mateo

Defiance County Court of Common Pleas, General Division(14)

Showing 7 of 14. View all sealing rules for Defiance County Court of Common Pleas, General Division

Circuit Court of Cook County(14)

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22nd Judicial Circuit Court, McHenry County(14)

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Travis County District Courts(13)

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King County Superior Court(13)

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14th Judicial Circuit Court, Rock Island County(13)

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Scioto County Court of Common Pleas, General Division(13)

Showing 8 of 13. View all sealing rules for Scioto County Court of Common Pleas, General Division

Williams County Court of Common Pleas, General Division(13)

Court-level rulesCRITICAL

An in-camera child interview recording or transcript must be kept separately and withheld from parties and counsel without Court approval; a transcript becomes available only after objections are filed or an appeal is taken.

Court-level rulesCRITICAL

The non-public file must contain the listed categories of documents.

Court-level rulesCRITICAL

The custody evaluation report and its attachments are not publicly accessible and are placed in the family file, where counsel or self-represented parties may view them upon request.

Court-level rulesCRITICAL

Sensitive documents may be ordered into the non-public file, while social security numbers and other identifying information must be redacted from documents placed in the public file.

Court-level rulesWARNING

Inspection and review of the non-public file are limited to the listed individuals acting in their duties or as directed by the Court.

Court-level rulesWARNING

When the custody evaluation report is submitted for filing, the clerk must place in the public file a notice stating the report's filing date.

Court-level rulesWARNING

When the Court deems advisable, potential-juror lists may identify jurors only by number, with other identifying data withheld and sealed.

Court-level rulesWARNING

A filing containing trade secrets or attorney-client or work-product communications may be publicly filed in redacted form, but a complete unredacted version must then be submitted to the court for in camera review.

Court-level rulesWARNING

Other individuals may seek access to the non-public file by filing a motion.

Court-level rulesWARNING

If ordered by the Court, counsel may not disclose prospective-juror identifying data or Juror Questionnaire information to litigants, defendants, or others outside counsel's professional office.

Showing 10 of 13. View all sealing rules for Williams County Court of Common Pleas, General Division

Marion Superior Court(12)

Court-level rulesCRITICAL

The decedent’s social security number must be redacted from copies attached to or filed with the report.

Court-level rulesCRITICAL

In extraordinary circumstances involving electronic-device and social-media records, a party seeking to seal or exclude material must file a written request, provide notice, obtain a hearing, and maintain confidentiality pending the court’s ruling.

Court-level rulesCRITICAL

In extraordinary circumstances, either party may seek to seal or exclude otherwise disclosable materials from public access. A party must file a written request with the court after which notice will be provided and a hearing will be held in accordance with the processes found in A.C.R. Rules 6(C)-(D) or Indiana Code section 5-14-3-5.5. The material shall be treated as confidential from the time of the filing or tendering until the court rules on the request.

Court-level rulesCRITICAL

Supporting documentation must not be attached to the court-filed Financial Declaration Form unless it is redacted as necessary to comply with Indiana Trial Rule 5(G).

Court-level rulesCRITICAL

When an inheritance tax exemption affidavit is filed, the decedent’s social security number must be redacted from it.

Judge A Richard M BlaiklockCRITICAL

Redactions must be clearly marked on the document, identify the redaction basis, and be recorded in a metadata field.

Judge A Richard M BlaiklockCRITICAL

Requests to seal information from public access must comply with Access to Court Records Rule 6.

Showing 7 of 12. View all sealing rules for Marion Superior Court

Clermont County Court of Common Pleas, General Division(12)

Showing 6 of 12. View all sealing rules for Clermont County Court of Common Pleas, General Division

Philadelphia Court of Common Pleas(12)

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Jackson County Court of Common Pleas, General & Domestic Relations Divisions(12)

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Shelby County Circuit Court, Tennessee(12)

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Superior Court of California, County of Alameda(12)

Court-level rulesCRITICAL

All documents related to mental health proceedings must be filed confidentially unless the court orders otherwise.

Court-level rulesCRITICAL

Child abuse reports, reporting-party identity, and court-ordered psychological evaluations may not be exchanged between agencies without a court order, and copies of DCFS/APS/JPD documents may not be attached to court reports or made public without a court order.

Court-level rulesWARNING

Where authorized by required by law or court order, parties may designate all or portions of electronically filed documents as confidential and file confidential information may be obtained through the filer’s EFSP and the court’s web site at http://www.alameda.courts.ca.gov/Pages.aspx/efsp.

Court-level rulesWARNING

Parties in criminal cases may designate all or portions of e-filed documents as confidential when authorized or required by law or court order.

Court-level rulesWARNING

The following documents are confidential but do not require a court order to seal: (1) Court investigator reports and memoranda. (2) Original bank statements. (3) For guardianships: (A) Confidential Guardianship Screening Form (form GC-212); Confidential Proposed Guardianship Questionnaire and Screening (local court form); (B) Confidential Guardianship Status Report (form GC-251); (C) Confidential Guardianship Termination Questionnaire (local court form);

Court-level rulesWARNING

A grand jury seeking to interview a court member or employee in a civil investigation must submit a sealed written request to the Presiding Judge identifying the interviewing grand jurors and specifying all questions.

Court-level rulesWARNING

Listed persons and agencies may access juvenile court records and obtain photocopies without a prior court order, subject to conditions (best interest of child, necessary and relevant information).

Showing 7 of 12. View all sealing rules for Superior Court of California, County of Alameda

Ottawa County Court of Common Pleas, Ohio(12)

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Monroe County Court of Common Pleas, General Division(12)

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Court of Common Pleas of Wyoming County, Pennsylvania(12)

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Providence County Superior Court(11)

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Sixth Judicial Circuit Court of Michigan, Oakland County(11)

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Court of Common Pleas of Lackawanna County, Pennsylvania(11)

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Warren County Court of Common Pleas, General Division(11)

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Third Judicial Circuit Court of Michigan(11)

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Morgan County Court of Common Pleas, Ohio(11)

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Thirteenth Judicial Circuit of Florida, Hillsborough County(10)

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Auglaize County Court of Common Pleas(10)

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Tuscarawas County Court of Common Pleas, General Division(10)

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Fourth Judicial District Court, Colorado(10)

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Ninth Judicial Circuit of Florida, Orange and Osceola Counties(10)

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Butler County Court of Common Pleas, General Division(10)

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Superior Court of California, County of Trinity(10)

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Multnomah County Circuit Court(10)

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Jefferson County District Court, First Judicial District(10)

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Court of Common Pleas of Schuylkill County, Pennsylvania(10)

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Court of Common Pleas of Fayette County, Pennsylvania(10)

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Allen County Court of Common Pleas, General Division(10)

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Muskingum County Court of Common Pleas, General Division(10)

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Shelby County Court of Common Pleas, General and Domestic Relations Divisions(10)

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Superior Court of California, County of Sonoma(10)

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Court of Common Pleas of Monroe County, Pennsylvania(9)

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Allegheny County Court of Common Pleas(9)

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Seventeenth Judicial Circuit of Florida, Broward County(9)

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Hocking County Court of Common Pleas, General & Domestic Relations Divisions(9)

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Highland County Court of Common Pleas, Ohio(9)

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Circuit Court for Davidson County, Tennessee(9)

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Denver District Court(9)

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Nineteenth Judicial Circuit of Florida, Indian River, Martin, Okeechobee and St. Lucie Counties(9)

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Cuyahoga County Court of Common Pleas, General Division(9)

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Lake County Court of Common Pleas, General Division(9)

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Summit County Court of Common Pleas, General Division(9)

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Franklin County Court of Common Pleas(8)

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Lubbock County District Courts(8)

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Superior Court of California, County of San Joaquin(8)

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Fourth Judicial Circuit of Florida, Clay, Duval and Nassau Counties(8)

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Delaware County Court of Common Pleas, General Division(8)

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Columbiana County Court of Common Pleas, General Division(8)

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Webb County District Courts(8)

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Court of Common Pleas of Pike County, Pennsylvania(8)

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Pike County Court of Common Pleas, General & Domestic Relations Divisions(8)

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California Rules of Court(8)

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Court of Common Pleas of Lancaster County, Pennsylvania(8)

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16th Judicial Circuit Court, Kane County(7)

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Hancock County Court of Common Pleas, General & Domestic Relations Divisions(7)

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Superior Court of California, County of Stanislaus(7)

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Court of Common Pleas of Indiana County, Pennsylvania(7)

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Superior Court of Arizona in Maricopa County(7)

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Milwaukee County Circuit Court(7)

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Montgomery County Court of Common Pleas(7)

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Fairfield County Court of Common Pleas, General Division(7)

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Court of Common Pleas of Wayne County, Pennsylvania(7)

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Superior Court of California, County of Tuolumne(7)

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Sixteenth Judicial Circuit Court of Michigan, Macomb County(7)

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Court of Common Pleas of York County, Pennsylvania(6)

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Travis County District Court, Texas(6)

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Brazoria County District Courts(6)

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Tulsa County District Court(6)

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Superior Court of California, County of Orange(6)

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Superior Court of California, County of Fresno(6)

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Superior Court of California, County of Nevada(6)

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Montgomery County District Courts(6)

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Champaign County Court of Common Pleas, General Division(6)

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New York Supreme Court, Westchester County(5)

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Harris County District Courts(5)

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Superior Court of Cobb County(5)

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Franklin County Court of Common Pleas(5)

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Court of Common Pleas of Cumberland County, Pennsylvania(5)

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Court of Common Pleas of Berks County, Pennsylvania(5)

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Superior Court of California, County of Merced(5)

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Circuit Court of Monroe County, Illinois (24th Judicial Circuit)(5)

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Superior Court of California, County of Yuba(5)

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Superior Court of California, County of Calaveras(5)

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Court of Common Pleas of McKean County, Pennsylvania(5)

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Circuit Court of Henry County, Illinois (14th Judicial Circuit)(5)

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Superior Court of California, County of El Dorado(5)

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Vinton County Court of Common Pleas, Ohio(5)

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Circuit Court of LaSalle County, Illinois (13th Judicial Circuit)(4)

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Court of Common Pleas of Northumberland County, Pennsylvania(4)

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Miami County Court of Common Pleas, General Division(4)

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Fairfax County Circuit Court(4)

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Circuit Court of Perry County, Illinois (24th Judicial Circuit)(4)

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Northern District of Texas(4)

Honolulu First Circuit Court(4)

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Ector County District Courts(4)

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Superior Court of California, County of Plumas(4)

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Court of Common Pleas of Lehigh County, Pennsylvania(4)

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Brown County Court of Common Pleas, General and Domestic Relations Division(4)

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Putnam County Court of Common Pleas, General Division(4)

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Superior Court of California, County of Kings(4)

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Superior Court of California, County of Shasta(4)

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Superior Court of California, County of Monterey(4)

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Circuit Court of Grundy County, Illinois (13th Judicial Circuit)(4)

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Court of Common Pleas of Chester County, Pennsylvania(3)

Wise County District Court(3)

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Circuit Court of Richland County, Illinois (2nd Judicial Circuit)(3)

Superior Court of California, County of San Luis Obispo(3)

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Williamson County District Courts(3)

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Superior Court of Fulton County(3)

Martin County District Court, Texas(3)

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Fort Bend County District Courts(3)

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Circuit Court of Hamilton County, Illinois (2nd Judicial Circuit)(3)

Court of Common Pleas of Clarion County, Pennsylvania(3)

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Jack County District Court, Texas(3)

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Twentieth Judicial Circuit of Florida, Charlotte, Collier, Glades, Hendry and Lee Counties(3)

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Geauga County Court of Common Pleas, General Division(3)

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Court of Common Pleas of Venango County, Pennsylvania(3)

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Circuit Court of Wabash County, Illinois (2nd Judicial Circuit)(3)

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Circuit Court of Massac County, Illinois (1st Judicial Circuit)(3)

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Washington County Circuit Court(3)

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Circuit Court of Franklin County, Illinois (2nd Judicial Circuit)(3)

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Court of Common Pleas of Potter County, Pennsylvania(3)

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Orange County District Court, Texas(3)

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Circuit Court of Lawrence County, Illinois (2nd Judicial Circuit)(3)

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Circuit Court of Crawford County, Illinois (2nd Judicial Circuit)(3)

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Circuit Court of Alexander County, Illinois (1st Judicial Circuit)(3)

Circuit Court of Hardin County, Illinois (2nd Judicial Circuit)(3)

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Jefferson County District Courts(3)

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Circuit Court of Johnson County, Illinois (1st Judicial Circuit)(3)

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Ashtabula County Court of Common Pleas, General Division(3)

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Circuit Court of Pope County, Illinois (1st Judicial Circuit)(3)

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Circuit Court of Edwards County, Illinois (2nd Judicial Circuit)(3)

Superior Court of California, County of Mono(3)

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Circuit Court of Saline County, Illinois (1st Judicial Circuit)(3)

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Superior Court of California, County of Imperial(3)

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Circuit Court of Union County, Illinois (1st Judicial Circuit)(3)

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Superior Court of California, County of Humboldt(3)

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Jeff Davis County District Court, Texas(3)

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Circuit Court of Williamson County, Illinois (1st Judicial Circuit)(3)

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Circuit Court of Jackson County, Illinois (1st Judicial Circuit)(3)

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Circuit Court of Pulaski County, Illinois (1st Judicial Circuit)(3)

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Taylor County District Courts(3)

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Superior Court of California, County of Modoc(3)

Brown County District Court(2)

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Montague County District Court, Texas(2)

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Hudspeth County District Court, Texas(2)

Young County District Court, Texas(2)

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Circuit Court of Gallatin County, Illinois (2nd Judicial Circuit)(2)

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Galveston County District Courts(2)

Jackson County Circuit Court(2)

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Henderson County District Courts(2)

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Court of Common Pleas of Delaware County, Pennsylvania(2)

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Superior Court of California, County of Mendocino(2)

Court of Common Pleas of Armstrong County, Pennsylvania(2)

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Superior Court of California, County of San Bernardino(2)

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Court of Common Pleas of Bucks County, Pennsylvania(2)

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Superior Court of California, County of Siskiyou(2)

Circuit Court of White County, Illinois (2nd Judicial Circuit)(2)

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Eighteenth Judicial Circuit of Florida, Brevard and Seminole Counties(2)

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Superior Court of California, County of Mariposa(2)

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Ross County Court of Common Pleas, General Division(2)

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Oklahoma County District Court(2)

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Court of Common Pleas of Susquehanna County, Pennsylvania(2)

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New York Supreme Court, Monroe County(2)

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Court of Common Pleas of Lebanon County, Pennsylvania(2)

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Lucas County Court of Common Pleas, General Division(2)

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Court of Common Pleas of Adams County, Pennsylvania(2)

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Paulding County Court of Common Pleas, Ohio(2)

Wilson County District Court, Texas(2)

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Superior Court of California, County of San Benito(2)

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Madison County District Court, Texas(2)

Polk County District Court, Texas(2)

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Circuit Court of Wayne County, Illinois (2nd Judicial Circuit)(2)

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Stark County Court of Common Pleas, General Division(2)

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Hunt County District Courts(2)

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Walker County District Court(2)

Medina County Court of Common Pleas, General Division(2)

Superior Court of California, County of Sacramento(2)

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Gaines County District Court(2)

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Superior Court of California, County of Santa Cruz(2)

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Superior Court of California, County of Lassen(2)

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New York Supreme Court, Erie County(1)

Haskell County District Court, Texas(1)

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Clay County District Court, Texas(1)

Reagan County District Court, Texas(1)

Superior Court of California, County of Yolo(1)

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Superior Court of California, County of Ventura(1)

Court of Common Pleas of Union County, Pennsylvania(1)

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Circuit Court of Stark County, Illinois (10th Judicial Circuit)(1)

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Court of Common Pleas of Beaver County, Pennsylvania(1)

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Leon County District Court, Texas(1)

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Circuit Court for Anne Arundel County(1)

Hamilton County District Court, Texas(1)

Logan County Court of Common Pleas, Ohio(1)

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Liberty County District Courts(1)

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Lynn County District Court, Texas(1)

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Court of Common Pleas of Luzerne County, Pennsylvania(1)

Superior Court of California, County of Tulare(1)

Circuit Court of Shelby County, Illinois (4th Judicial Circuit)(1)

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Court of Common Pleas of Lycoming County, Pennsylvania(1)

Circuit Court of Jefferson County, Illinois (2nd Judicial Circuit)(1)

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Sixth Judicial Circuit of Florida, Pasco and Pinellas Counties(1)

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Palo Pinto County District Court, Texas(1)

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Superior Court of California, County of Sutter(1)

Southern District of Florida(1)

Bell County District Courts(1)

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Refugio County District Court, Texas(1)

Superior Court of Arizona in Pima County(1)

Circuit Court for Baltimore City(1)

Matagorda County District Courts(1)

Superior Court of California, County of Glenn(1)

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Wayne County Court of Common Pleas, General & Domestic Relations Divisions(1)

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Sutton County District Court, Texas(1)

Circuit Court of Marshall County, Illinois (10th Judicial Circuit)(1)

Circuit Court of Effingham County, Illinois (4th Judicial Circuit)(1)

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Circuit Court of Montgomery County, Illinois (4th Judicial Circuit)(1)

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Glasscock County District Court, Texas(1)

Pecos County District Court, Texas(1)

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Circuit Court of Washington County, Illinois (24th Judicial Circuit)(1)

Superior Court of California, County of Butte(1)

18th Judicial District Court, Arapahoe County(1)

McLennan County District Courts(1)

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Court of Common Pleas of Snyder County, Pennsylvania(1)

Wyandot County Court of Common Pleas(1)

Calhoun County District Court, Texas(1)

Superior Court of California, County of Placer(1)

Court of Common Pleas of Erie County, Pennsylvania(1)

Circuit Court of Whiteside County, Illinois (14th Judicial Circuit)(1)

Court of Common Pleas of Bedford County, Pennsylvania(1)

Seventh Judicial Circuit of Florida, Volusia, Flagler, Putnam, St. Johns(1)

Dane County Circuit Court(1)

Court of Common Pleas of Fulton County, Pennsylvania(1)

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Kendall County District Court, Texas(1)

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Centre County Court of Common Pleas(1)

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Grayson County District Courts(1)

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Grimes County District Court, Texas(1)

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Jim Wells County District Court(1)

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Court of Common Pleas of Mercer County, Pennsylvania(1)

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Culberson County District Court, Texas(1)

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Superior Court of California, County of Solano(1)

Hardin County Court of Common Pleas, General & Domestic Relations Divisions(1)

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Circuit Court of Marion County, Illinois (4th Judicial Circuit)(1)

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Jefferson Circuit Court(1)

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Nueces County District Courts(1)

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Howard County District Court, Texas(1)

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Fifth Judicial Circuit of Florida, Citrus, Hernando, Lake, Marion and Sumter Counties(1)

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Court of Common Pleas of Sullivan County, Pennsylvania(1)

Loving County District Court, Texas(1)

Randall County District Courts(1)

Dawson County District Court, Texas(1)

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Circuit Court of Randolph County, Illinois (24th Judicial Circuit)(1)

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